My interview process was somewhat truncated in that I had a friend on the inside who put a good word in for me. It definitely bumped my resume to the top of the list.
After submitting my resume, it took a couple days for my prospective manager to get in touch. I didn't interview at all with HR, and I believe most of the sub-Executive level positions are interviewed and hired by department heads. The initial phone interview was short, and after a quick rehash of what was already in my resume, I was invited to schedule an in-person interview.
I didn't have far to go, so there was no per diem or travel reimbursement. I believe they do offer travel reimbursement for higher level prospects coming in from out of town.
My in person interview was brief (about 30 minutes) and with my prospective manager (also department head). We went over my history and experience. There were a few technical terms sprinkled throughout, just enough to see if I actually knew what I was doing, but it wasn't a pop quiz or anything.
My inside contact had gotten me this far and I was among five or so other interviewees, but I was the only one interviewing on that day. After coming home, it took another couple days before I got a call and was offered a position. We negotiated briefly for salary, I put up a number, he said he could do it. Easy as that.