2 Technical rounds 1 HR round. Some questions 1. What are the key differences between a Linear Regulator (like LDO) and a Switching Regulator? Expected: Discuss efficiency, heat dissipation, noise, and suitability for different loads. 2. Explain how you would validate the output of an LDO used in an automotive ECU. Expected: Mention input/output conditions, load testing, ripple measurement, and shutdown behavior. 3. What is the function of CAN_H and CAN_L in a CAN network, and how would you validate the signal quality? Expected: Use of oscilloscope, voltage levels, common issues like reflections, termination resistance. 4. What does UDS protocol (ISO 14229) mean and how is it relevant in ECU validation? Expected: Explain Diagnostic Session Control, DTCs, ECU Reset, and how these are validated. 5. How do you handle fault injection or error simulations during hardware validation? Expected: Techniques like signal disturbance, toggling pins, and simulating sensor failures. 6. How would you use CANalyzer or CANoe for communication testing and diagnostics? Expected: Explain logging, analyzing CAN frames, testing UDS services, simulation blocks, etc. 7. What precautions would you take while probing signals in a high-speed automotive communication circuit (like CAN or Ethernet)? Expected: Proper grounding, differential probing, avoiding signal loading, bandwidth consideration. 8. What is a pull-up/pull-down resistor and where have you used it in your test setups or circuits? Expected: Usage in default logic states, open-drain configurations, etc. 9. Describe your experience with End-of-Line (EOL) Testing – what parameters do you verify and how? Expected: Functional test flow, communication verification, power supply behavior, DTC triggering. 10. How do you debug an ECU that fails intermittently in production? Expected: Steps like reviewing logs, reproducing the issue under environmental conditions, analyzing CAN traces, using fault trees.